Vaccine diplomacy

Vaccine diplomacy,^[1] a form of medical diplomacy, is the use of vaccines to improve a country's diplomatic relationship and influence of other countries.^[2]^[3] Meanwhile, vaccine diplomacy also "means a set of diplomatic measures taken to ensure access to the best practices in the development of potential vaccines, to enhance bilateral and/or multilateral cooperation between countries in conducting joint R&D, and, in the case of the announcement of production, to ensure the signing of a contract for the purchase of the vaccine at the shortest term."^[4] Although primary discussed in the context of the supply of COVID-19 vaccines, it also played a part in the distribution of the smallpox vaccine.^[5]^[6]^[7]

^ Srinivas, Krishna Ravi (11 March 2021). "Understanding Vaccine Diplomacy for the Anthropocene, Anti-Science Age". The Wire Science. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
^ Snyder, Alison (20 August 2020). "A coronavirus vaccine is a chance for China to show its scientific muscle". Axios. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
^ Deng, Chao (17 August 2020). "China Seeks to Use Access to Covid-19 Vaccines for Diplomacy". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
^ Abduazimov, Muzaffar S. (2021). "Inside Diplomacy during the Pandemic: Change in the Means and Ways of Practice". Indonesian Quarterly. SSRN 3854295.
^ Blume, Stuart (19 March 2020). McInnes, Colin; Lee, Kelley; Youde, Jeremy (eds.). "The Politics of Global Vaccination Policies". The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-045681-8. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
^ Jennings, Michael (22 February 2021). "Vaccine diplomacy: how some countries are using COVID to enhance their soft power". The Conversation. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
^ Hotez, Peter J. (26 June 2014). ""Vaccine Diplomacy": Historical Perspectives and Future Directions". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (6): e2808. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002808. ISSN 1935-2727. PMC 4072536. PMID 24968231.

[1] Srinivas, Krishna Ravi (11 March 2021). "Understanding Vaccine Diplomacy for the Anthropocene, Anti-Science Age". The Wire Science. Retrieved 11 March 2021.

[2] Snyder, Alison (20 August 2020). "A coronavirus vaccine is a chance for China to show its scientific muscle". Axios. Retrieved 21 August 2020.

[:0-3] Deng, Chao (17 August 2020). "China Seeks to Use Access to Covid-19 Vaccines for Diplomacy". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 21 August 2020.

[Abduazimov-4] Abduazimov, Muzaffar S. (2021). "Inside Diplomacy during the Pandemic: Change in the Means and Ways of Practice". Indonesian Quarterly. SSRN 3854295.

[5] Blume, Stuart (19 March 2020). McInnes, Colin; Lee, Kelley; Youde, Jeremy (eds.). "The Politics of Global Vaccination Policies". The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-045681-8. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

[6] Jennings, Michael (22 February 2021). "Vaccine diplomacy: how some countries are using COVID to enhance their soft power". The Conversation. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

[7] Hotez, Peter J. (26 June 2014). ""Vaccine Diplomacy": Historical Perspectives and Future Directions". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (6): e2808. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002808. ISSN 1935-2727. PMC 4072536. PMID 24968231.

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